Outline

This Bible Study was mostly created from LessonMaker software (NavPress Software) and the QuickVerse Bible Reference Collection (Parsons Software). This was a lesson taught (or being taught) to the "Sons of Thunder" class (Men 18-40) at Calvary Baptist Church (over several weeks). Thanks for being here at our web site, and may the Lord Jesus Christ be in everything you do!

James the Just

When the first Christian evangelists proclaimed that people could enter the Kingdom of God simply by believing in Jesus as Lord and Christ, a lot of people accepted the offer. Inevitably, few became spiritual giants overnight. The Apostle Paul wrote many letters to solve problems and amend errors in the churches he founded. And someone who calls himself merely "James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ" (James 1:1) wrote a message to correct a distortion of the gospel: the idea that spiritual rebirth meant we could remain babies forever.

The Lord’s Brother

James (the English equivalent of Iakobos or Jacob) was a common Jewish name; in fact, two of Jesus’ twelve apostles were named James (Matthew 10:2-4). However, James the son of Zebedee died too early to have written this letter (44 AD, Acts 12:2), and little is known about James the son of Alphaeus. Tradition attributes the biblical letter to the man Paul calls "James, the Lord’s brother" (Galatians 1:19).1

James was probably the eldest of the four brothers named in Mark 6:3.2 While Jesus was wandering through Galilee and Judea proclaiming the Kingdom of God, James and the rest of His family thought He was a bit crazy (Mark 3:20-21; John 7:5). But when Jesus appeared to James after the Resurrection, James finally understood his brother (1 Cor. 15:7). He became a leader of the church in Jerusalem (Acts 1:14; Acts 15:12-21; Acts 21:17-19)—indeed Paul called him one of the "pillars" of the church (Galatians 2:9). It was James and Peter whom Paul visited three years after his conversion (Galatians 1:18-19), James to whom Peter sent word of his miraculous escape from prison (Acts 12:17), and James whose judgment regarding the Gentiles was accepted by the whole Jerusalem council (Acts 15:13-29).

James was known as "the Just" or "the Righteous" by the people of Jerusalem, both Christian and non-Christian. The fourth-century Christian historian Eusebius said that this was because James was scrupulous about observing the Jewish Law, and Eusebius recorded several legends about James’s piety and asceticism. However, the Jewish historian Josephus wrote in 93 AD that James was stoned by the Jews in 62 AD on a charge of violating the Law.3 There is no evidence that James agreed with the Jewish Christians who said Gentiles could not be saved unless they kept the Jewish Law (Acts 15:1). He did apparently try to make Christianity more appealing to Jews by encouraging Jewish Christians to keep the Law and to avoid eating with Gentiles (Acts 21:17-24; Galatians 2:11-13). Still, James was not claiming that the Law was necessary for salvation, and he did not want to hinder the evangelism of Gentiles (Acts 15:19). James was eager to effect a compromise between Jews and Gentiles on "matters of secondary importance"4—cultural things like what to eat (Acts 15:20). However, he was unswervingly opposed to compromise with pagan moral values (Acts 15:20; James 1:21).

A Straw Epistle?

In Martin Luther’s version of the New Testament published in 1522, he put the books of Hebrews, James, Jude, and Revelation at the end as a supplement rather than in their usual places, and he omitted them from the table of contents. He explained why in his introduction:

In fine, Saint John’s Gospel and his first Epistle, Saint Paul’s Epistles, especially those to the Romans, Galatians, Ephesians, and Saint Peter’s first Epistle, these are the books which show thee Christ, and teach thee everything that is needful and blessed for thee to know even though thou never see or hear any either book or doctrine. Therefore is Saint James’s Epistle a right strawy Epistle in comparison with them, for it has no gospel character to it.5

Luther devalued James because he thought James was responding against Paul’s doctrine of justification by faith apart from works. Also, the epistle barely mentions Jesus at all, and never His death and resurrection. In fact, the conflict between Paul and James is only apparent. James shows no sign of ever having read Paul’s letters to the Romans or Galatians. He uses words like "justification," "faith," and "works" differently from Paul, and he never addresses Paul’s teachings directly.6 Paul wrote Romans in about 57 AD, and James died in 62 AD, so it is unlikely that James could have seen a copy of Romans.

Some people think James wrote around 45 AD, before Paul began his missionary travels and before there were many Gentiles in the Church.7 If this date is correct, then James is the earliest New Testament book and is not a reply to distortions of Paul’s writings. Instead, it is an exhortation to live what we believe.

On the other hand, some people date the letter around 55-60 AD.8 If this is right, then James wrote during a time when Paul’s views were being widely discussed, misquoted, and misconstrued. Apparently, there were some people in the Church who thought that justification by grace apart from works meant they could disregard God’s moral Law. Even Paul had to fight this distortion (Romans 6:1, 15).

The Gospel of James

Whichever date we choose between 45 and 60 AD, James’s message is the same. His focus is much like Jesus’, and he is steeped in Jesus’ teachings, especially as recorded in Matthew. The poor inherit the Kingdom (James 2:5; compare Matthew 5:3; Luke 6:20), the persecuted are blessed (James 1:12; compare Matthew 5:10-12), deeds of mercy reflect faith in Jesus (James 1:27; James 2:14-17; compare Matthew 7:21; Matthew 25:31-46), and so on.9 James takes faith in Jesus the Christ as a given and does not discuss doctrines about Christ. This is natural for someone who grew up with Jesus and is writing to people who have already put faith in Christ. D.A. Hayes concludes, "James says less about the Master than any other writer in the New Testament, but his speech is more like that of the Master than the speech of any of them."10

James’s faith is still very Jewish, as Jesus’ was. While Paul bases his teaching on who Christ is and who we are in Christ, James draws his from who God is and who we are as God’s creatures (James 1:13, 16-18, 27; James 2:5; James 3:9; James 4:4, 6, 12, 14; James 5:4). Paul rhapsodizes on our mystical union with Christ in His death and resurrection, and only later gets practical. James goes straight to the practical: here is how to live in light of the gospel. Paul appears most concerned to explain the gospel to people who don’t fully understand it. James seems to think his readers basically know and believe the gospel, but they don’t understand its implications for living. God wants more than justified infants. He wants mature daughters and sons. Faith is foundational, but it must be genuine, proven faith, evident to the world.

Far from being a "strawy" epistle, James’s letter offers us a vigorous, vital view of Christian faith—a call to tested, mature faith to which Peter, Paul, and Jesus Himself could have said, "Amen."

1Those who are interested in the debate over who wrote the epistle of James should consult a commentary.

2When the Church began to put a greater value on celibacy, especially Mary’s virginity, it was suggested that the brothers were sons of Joseph by a previous marriage or cousins of Jesus (the word "brother" can have this sense in Greek and Hebrew). Modern Protestant commentators generally think the brothers were sons of Joseph and Mary after Jesus’ birth. For a fuller explanation, see R. V. C. Tasker, "The General Epistle of James" (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1956), pages 22-24.

3Flavius Josephus, "Antiquities," in the Loeb Classical Library, translated by H. St. James Thackeray (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1956), 20.9.1.

4Tasker, page 26.

5From the introduction to Martin Luther’s New Testament of 1522, as translated by J. H. Ropes. Quoted in Tasker, page 14.

6For more on why Paul and James seem not to be arguing against each other, see E.M. Sidebottom, "James, Jude, 2 Peter" (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1967), pages 16-18.

7Donald W. Burdick, "The NIV Study Bible," edited by Kenneth Barker (Grand Rapids, Michigan; Zondervan Corporation, 1985), page 1879; Henry C. Theissen, "Introduction to the New Testament" (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing company, 1943), page 277.

8Sidebottom, pages 11-18; Tasker, pages 30-33; Peter H. Davids, "The Epistle of James" (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1982), pages 2-22.

9Sidebottom lists three full pages of parallels between James’s letter and Matthew’s Gospel in Sidebottom, pages 8-11.

10D. A. Hayes, "Epistle of James," THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BIBLE ENCYCLOPAEDIA, Volume 3, edited by James Orr (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1956), page 1564.

Trials and Temptations - James 1:1-18

 Open It

• Why would you agree or disagree with the statement, "Life is 10 percent what happens to you and 90 percent how you respond to what happens to you"?
• How would you respond to someone who tells you that good can come from the trials which you are experiencing?
• What doubts about God and prayer does the average person usually experience?

James 1:1-11 (How to apply to God under troubles, and how to behave in prosperous and in adverse circumstances)

Christianity teaches men to be joyful under troubles: such exercises are sent from God’s love; and trials in the way of duty will brighten our graces now, and our crown at last. Let us take care, in times of trial, that patience, and not passion, is set to work in us: whatever is said or done, let patience have the saying and doing of it. When the work of patience is complete, it will furnish all that is necessary for our Christian race and warfare. We should not pray so much for the removal of affliction, as for wisdom to make a right use of it. And who does not want wisdom to guide him under trials, both in regulating his own spirit, and in managing his affairs? Here is something in answer to every discouraging turn of the mind, when we go to God under a sense of our own weakness and folly. If, after all, any should say, This may be the case with some, but I fear I shall not succeed, the promise is, To any that asketh, it shall be given. A mind that has single and prevailing regard to its spiritual and eternal interest, and that keeps steady in its purposes for God, will grow wise by afflictions, will continue fervent in devotion, and rise above trials and oppositions. When our faith and spirits rise and fall with second causes, there will be unsteadiness in our words and actions. This may not always expose men to contempt in the world, but such ways cannot please God. No condition of life is such as to hinder rejoicing in God. Those of low degree may rejoice, if they are exalted to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom of God; and the rich may rejoice in humbling providences, that lead to a humble and lowly disposition of mind. Worldly wealth is a withering thing. Then, let him that is rich rejoice in the grace of God, which makes and keeps him humble; and in the trials and exercises which teach him to seek happiness in and from God, not from perishing enjoyments.

 James 1:1 James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad, greeting.

• Who wrote this letter? (1:1)
• To whom was this letter written? (1:1)

James 1:2 My brethren, count it all joy when ye fall into divers temptations;

James 1:12-18 (To look upon all evil as proceeding from ourselves, and all good from God)

It is not every man who suffers, that is blessed; but he who with patience and constancy goes through all difficulties in the way of duty. Afflictions cannot make us miserable, if it be not our own fault. The tried Christian shall be a crowned one. The crown of life is promised to all who have the love of God reigning in their hearts. Every soul that truly loves God, shall have its trials in this world fully recompensed in that world above, where love is made perfect. The commands of God, and the dealings of his providence, try men’s hearts, and show the dispositions which prevail in them. But nothing sinful in the heart or conduct can be ascribed to God. He is not the author of the dross, though his fiery trial exposes it. Those who lay the blame of sin, either upon their constitution, or upon their condition in the world, or pretend they cannot keep from sinning, wrong God as if he were the author of sin. Afflictions, as sent by God, are designed to draw out our graces, but not our corruptions. The origin of evil and temptation is in our own hearts. Stop the beginnings of sin, or all the evils that follow must be wholly charged upon us. God has no pleasure in the death of men, as he has no hand in their sin; but both sin and misery are owing to themselves. As the sun is the same in nature and influences, though the earth and clouds, often coming between, make it seem to us to vary, so God is unchangeable, and our changes and shadows are not from any changes or alterations in him. What the sun is in nature, God is in grace, providence, and glory; and infinitely more. As every good gift is from God, so particularly our being born again, and all its holy, happy consequences come from him. A true Christian becomes as different a person from what he was before the renewing influences of Divine grace, as if he were formed over again. We should devote all our faculties to God’s service, that we may be a kind of first-fruits of his creatures.

James 1:12 Blessed is the man that endureth temptation: for when he is tried, he shall receive the crown of life, which the Lord hath promised to them that love him.

• What reward awaits the person who perseveres under trial? (1:12)

• How did James describe God’s relationship with the people He created? (1:17-18)

• What trials and difficulties have you experienced during your life?
• Why does God allow people to go through trials and difficulties?
• What good has ever come out of a difficult situation in your life?
• How does a person’s relationship with God change as he or she goes through trials and problems?
• When do you find it hardest to pray?
• With what doubts have you struggled concerning God and prayer?
• How can doubting affect a person’s prayer life?
• How can a person who pursues wealth and riches be disappointed?
• In what way have material possessions disappointed you once you possessed them?
• How would you explain to a ten-year-old why a person does something wrong or evil?
• Why do we often blame God for tempting us when we sin?
• What can a person do to stop an evil desire from becoming an actual evil act?

• What do you believe God is trying to teach you this week through the trials and situations you are experiencing?
• In what specific areas do you need to ask God for His wisdom this week?
• What temptations do you need God’s help to resist this week?

Listening and Doing - James 1:19-27

• Who do you admire as a religious or spiritual role model?
• How does it affect you when a person is caught doing what he or she tells others not to do?
• When are you most likely to lose your temper?

James 1:19-21 (The duty of watching against a rash temper, and of receiving the word of God with meekness)

Instead of blaming God under our trials, let us open our ears and hearts to learn what he teaches by them. And if men would govern their tongues, they must govern their passions. The worst thing we can bring to any dispute, is anger. Here is an exhortation to lay apart, and to cast off as a filthy garment, all sinful practices. This must reach to sins of thought and affection, as well as of speech and practice; to every thing corrupt and sinful. We must yield ourselves to the word of God, with humble and teachable minds. Being willing to hear of our faults, taking it not only patiently, but thankfully. It is the design of the word of God to make us wise to salvation; and those who propose any mean or low ends in attending upon it, dishonour the gospel, and disappoint their own souls.

James 1:22-25 (And of living according thereto)

If we heard a sermon every day of the week, and an angel from heaven were the preacher, yet, if we rested in hearing only, it would never bring us to heaven. Mere hearers are self-deceivers; and self-deceit will be found the worst deceit at last. If we flatter ourselves, it is our own fault; the truth, as it is in Jesus, flatters no man. Let the word of truth be carefully attended to, and it will set before us the corruption of our nature, the disorders of our hearts and lives; and it will tell us plainly what we are. Our sins are the spots the law discovers: Christ’s blood is the laver the gospel shows. But in vain do we hear God’s word, and look into the gospel glass, if we go away, and forget our spots, instead of washing them off; and forget our remedy, instead of applying to it. This is the case with those who do not hear the word as they ought. In hearing the word, we look into it for counsel and direction, and when we study it, it turns to our spiritual life. Those who keep in the law and word of God, are, and shall be, blessed in all their ways. His gracious recompence hereafter, would be connected with his present peace and comfort. Every part of Divine revelation has its use, in bringing the sinner to Christ for salvation, and in directing and encouraging him to walk at liberty, by the Spirit of adoption, according to the holy commands of God. And mark the distinctness, it is not for his deeds, that any man is blessed, but in his deed. It is not talking, but walking, that will bring us to heaven. Christ will become more precious to the believer’s soul, which by his grace will become more fitted for the inheritance of the saints in light.

James 1:26-27 (The difference between vain pretences and real religion)

When men take more pains to seem religious than really to be so, it is a sign their religion is in vain. The not bridling the tongue, readiness to speak of the faults of others, or to lessen their wisdom and piety, are signs of a vain religion. The man who has a slandering tongue, cannot have a truly humble, gracious heart. False religious may be known by their impurity and uncharitableness. True religion teaches us to do every thing as in the presence of God. An unspotted life must go with unfeigned love and charity. Our true religion is equal to the measure in which these things have place in our hearts and conduct. And let us remember, that nothing avails in Christ Jesus, but faith that worketh by love, purifies the heart, subdues carnal lusts, and obeys God’s commands.

• What did James describe as pure religion? (1:27)
• What is pure religion? (1:27)

• What makes it hard for us to be good listeners?
• How can being quick to speak and quick to anger get you into trouble?
• How do displays of anger and temper affect the witness of a Christian?
• What attitudes and habits can inhibit our growth as disciples of Christ?
• What makes it hard for us to practice what we know to be good?
• How does our speech reflect our relationship with God?
• How have you experienced freedom by doing the Word of God?
• What can we do to help widows and orphans?
• In what ways can the world pollute us?
• How can we keep ourselves from being polluted by the world?

• In what situations this week will you need to curb your anger? How can you?
• What do you need to change in your actions this week to match your talk?
• Whom will you help this week in obedience to God’s Word? 

Favoritism Forbidden - James 2:1-13

 Open It

• How much money would it take to make you consider yourself rich?
• For what reasons might a person think he or she is more important than another person?
• Where do you see prejudice being practiced?

James 2:1-13 (All professions of faith are vain, if not producing love and justice to others)

Those who profess faith in Christ as the Lord of glory, must not respect persons on account of mere outward circumstances and appearances, in a manner not agreeing with their profession of being disciples of the lowly Jesus. St. James does not here encourage rudeness or disorder: civil respect must be paid; but never such as to influence the proceedings of Christians in disposing of the offices of the church of Christ, or in passing the censures of the church, or in any matter of religion. Questioning ourselves is of great use in every part of the holy life. Let us be more frequent in this, and in every thing take occasion to discourse with our souls. As places of worship cannot be built or maintained without expense, it may be proper that those who contribute thereto should be accommodated accordingly; but were all persons more spiritually-minded, the poor would be treated with more attention that usually is the case in worshipping congregations. A lowly state is most favourable for inward peace and for growth in holiness. God would give to all believers riches and honours of this world, if these would do them good, seeing that he has chosen them to be rich in faith, and made them heirs of his kingdom, which he promised to bestow on all who love him. Consider how often riches lead to vice and mischief, and what great reproaches are thrown upon God and religion, by men of wealth, power, and worldly greatness; and it will make this sin appear very sinful and foolish. The Scripture gives as a law, to love our neighbour as ourselves. This law is a royal law, it comes from the King of kings; and if Christians act unjustly, they are convicted by the law as transgressors. To think that our good deeds will atone for our bad deeds, plainly puts us upon looking for another atonement. According to the covenant of works, one breach of any one command brings a man under condemnation, from which no obedience, past, present, or future, can deliver him. This shows us the happiness of those that are in Christ. We may serve him without slavish fear. God’s restraints are not a bondage, but our own corruptions are so. The doom passed upon impenitent sinners at last, will be judgment without mercy. But God deems it his glory and joy, to pardon and bless those who might justly be condemned at his tribunal; and his grace teaches those who partake of his mercy, to copy it in their conduct.

• What promise is made to people who judge without mercy? (2:13)
• Why should we be merciful? (2:13)

• In what ways have you been a victim of favoritism or prejudice?
• How have you shown favoritism or prejudice toward other people?
• Why do we often treat rich people as more important than poor people?
• How do we use physical appearance, job status, and athletic ability to show favoritism toward people?
• How can we welcome poor people in our church?
• Why does God have a special concern for poor people?
• In what practical ways can we show genuine love to people of different races, cultures, and economic standing?
• Why is favoritism or prejudice often overlooked as a sin?
• Why would God condemn us as lawbreakers if our sins are only "minor" ones, such as prejudice?

• From whom can you ask forgiveness this week for showing prejudice toward him or her?
• How can you change the way you look at wealth this week so that you value it as God does? 

Faith and Deeds - James 2:14-26

 Open It

• If you were 100 miles from home with no money, no credit cards, no friends, no transportation, and no place to stay, what would you do to survive and make it home?
• What is the difference between someone who talks about a problem and someone who does something about the problem?

James 2:14-26 (The necessity of good works to prove the sincerity of faith, which otherwise will be of no more advantage than the faith of devils)

Those are wrong who put a mere notional belief of the gospel for the whole of evangelical religion, as many now do. No doubt, true faith alone, whereby men have part in Christ’s righteousness, atonement, and grace, saves their souls; but it produces holy fruits, and is shown to be real by its effect on their works; while mere assent to any form of doctrine, or mere historical belief of any facts, wholly differs from this saving faith. A bare profession may gain the good opinion of pious people; and it may procure, in some cases, worldly good things; but what profit will it be, for any to gain the whole world, and to lose their souls? Can this faith save him? All things should be accounted profitable or unprofitable to us, as they tend to forward or hinder the salvation of our souls. This place of Scripture plainly shows that an opinion, or assent to the gospel, without works, is not faith. There is no way to show we really believe in Christ, but by being diligent in good works, from gospel motives, and for gospel purposes. Men may boast to others, and be conceited of that which they really have not. There is not only to be assent in faith, but consent; not only an assent to the truth of the word, but a consent to take Christ. True believing is not an act of the understanding only, but a work of the whole heart. That a justifying faith cannot be without works, is shown from two examples, Abraham and Rahab. Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness. Faith, producing such works, advanced him to peculiar favours. We see then, James 2:24, how that by works a man is justified, not by a bare opinion or profession, or believing without obeying; but by having such faith as produces good works. And to have to deny his own reason, affections, and interests, is an action fit to try a believer. Observe here, the wonderful power of faith in changing sinners. Rahab’s conduct proved her faith to be living, or having power; it showed that she believed with her heart, not merely by an assent of the understanding. Let us then take heed, for the best works, without faith, are dead; they want root and principle. By faith any thing we do is really good; as done in obedience to God, and aiming at his acceptance: the root is as though it were dead, when there is no fruit. Faith is the root, good works are the fruits; and we must see to it that we have both. This is the grace of God wherein we stand, and we should stand to it. There is no middle state. Every one must either live God’s friend, or God’s enemy. Living to God, as it is the consequence of faith, which justifies and will save, obliges us to do nothing against him, but every thing for him and to him.

• How are faith and deeds like the body and the spirit? (2:26)
• What is wrong with having faith without deeds? (2:18-26)

• How is being a Christian supposed to change the way we live?
• What can a Christian do to help the people around him or her?
• What is one way to tell if a person has a real, living faith?
• What is difficult about applying what we hear in church to our everyday lives?
• What are some of the biblical commands which are hard for you to live out?
• If God has forgiven us and promised us eternal life, what motivation do we have to live in obedience to Him today?
• Which is easier for you—talking about your faith with others, or demonstrating love toward them?
• In what areas of your life do you want to begin acting more like a Christian?

• In what home, work, or neighborhood situations might you be able to show faith in God this week? How?
• How can you show greater faith in God by what you do this week?

 Taming the Tongue - James 3:1-12

 Open It

• If you could hear a tape recording of everything you said last week, what would you want to edit out?
• How do you react when you hear someone cursing and using abusive language?
• How can a person be hurt by the words of others?
• What can you learn about a person by listening to him or her speak?

James 3:1-12 (Cautions against proud behaviour, and the mischief of an unruly tongue)

We are taught to dread an unruly tongue, as one of the greatest evils. The affairs of mankind are thrown into confusion by the tongues of men. Every age of the world, and every condition of life, private or public, affords examples of this. Hell has more to do in promoting the fire of the tongue than men generally think; and whenever men’s tongues are employed in sinful ways, they are set on fire of hell. No man can tame the tongue without Divine grace and assistance. The apostle does not represent it as impossible, but as extremely difficult. Other sins decay with age, this many times gets worse; we grow more froward and fretful, as natural strength decays, and the days come on in which we have no pleasure. When other sins are tamed and subdued by the infirmities of age, the spirit often grows more tart, nature being drawn down to the dregs, and the words used become more passionate. That man’s tongue confutes itself, which at one time pretends to adore the perfections of God, and to refer all things to him; and at another time condemns even good men, if they do not use the same words and expressions. True religion will not admit of contradictions: how many sins would be prevented, if men would always be consistent! Pious and edifying language is the genuine produce of a sanctified heart; and none who understand Christianity, expect to hear curses, lies, boastings, and revilings from a true believer’s mouth, any more than they look for the fruit of one tree from another. But facts prove that more professors succeed in bridling their senses and appetites, than in duly restraining their tongues. Then, depending on Divine grace, let us take heed to bless and curse not; and let us aim to be consistent in our words and actions.

• What illustrations from nature did James use to condemn cursing? (3:11-12)
• What can a spring or a fruit tree teach us about speech? (3:11-12)

• What motivates a person to teach others?
• How is a teacher in the church supposed to be different from the average member?
• Why will God judge teachers more strictly than other people?
• What are the ways we sin with our speech?
• Why are sins of speech often overlooked as not serious?
• How is our speech influenced by others around us?
• What practical advice would you give someone who wanted to control his or her tongue better?
• What weaknesses in our lives does our speech often expose?
• In what times or places can your tongue be used for good?
• How can you change your daily speech to reflect its importance in your life?

• What do you need to remove from your speech habits this week to make your words more pleasing to God?
• What positive words do your family and coworkers need to hear from your mouth this week?

Two Kinds of Wisdom - James 3:13-18

 Open It

• What occupations or jobs require lots of knowledge and training?
• What is the difference between knowledge and wisdom?
• What kinds of jobs or occupations require wisdom or discernment?
• Where do people often go to get wisdom?

James 3:13-18 (The excellence of heavenly wisdom, in opposition to that which is worldly)

These verses show the difference between men’s pretending to be wise, and their being really so. He who thinks well, or he who talks well, is not wise in the sense of the Scripture, if he does not live and act well. True wisdom may be know by the meekness of the spirit and temper. Those who live in malice, envy, and contention, live in confusion; and are liable to be provoked and hurried to any evil work. Such wisdom comes not down from above, but springs up from earthly principles, acts on earthly motives, and is intent on serving earthly purposes. Those who are lifted up with such wisdom, described by the apostle James, is near to the Christian love, described by the apostle Paul; and both are so described that every man may fully prove the reality of his attainments in them. It has no disguise or deceit. It cannot fall in with those managements the world counts wise, which are crafty and guileful; but it is sincere, and open, and steady, and uniform, and consistent with itself. May the purity, peace, gentleness, teachableness, and mercy shown in all our actions, and the fruits of righteousness abounding in our lives, prove that God has bestowed upon us this excellent gift.

• How does a wise person act? (3:17-18)
• What happens when people "plant seeds of peace"? (3:18)

• What is the best way to make a lasting positive impression on others?
• What is the difference between earthly wisdom and God’s wisdom?
• What life experiences increase our wisdom?
• What are the marks of humility in a person?
• What damage can bitter envy or selfish ambition do to a person?
• How can we get or experience heavenly wisdom?
• What are practical ways we can sow seeds of peace during our life?
• What godly characteristics are present in our speech when we are pursuing God’s wisdom?
• What kind of bitter envy or selfish ambition do you tend to hold in your heart?

• What can you do this week to plant peace in a relationship or situation which has been troubling you?
• What can you do this week to seek God’s wisdom?

Submit Yourselves to God - James 4:1-12

• If you could ask God for anything, what would it be?
• What do families and friends commonly fight about?

James 4:1-10 (Here are cautions against corrupt affections, and love of this world, which is enmity to God)

Since all wars and fightings come from the corruptions of our own hearts, it is right to mortify those lusts that war in the members. Wordly and fleshly lusts are distempers, which will not allow content or satisfaction. Sinful desires and affections stop prayer, and the working of our desires toward God. And let us beware that we do not abuse or misuse the mercies received, by the disposition of the heart when prayers are granted When men ask of God prosperity, they often ask with wrong aims and intentions. If we thus seek the things of this world, it is just in God to deny them. Unbelieving and cold desires beg denials; and we may be sure that when prayers are rather the language of lusts than of graces, they will return empty. Here is a decided warning to avoid all criminal friendships with this world. Worldly-mindedness is enmity to God. An enemy may be reconciled, but "enmity" never can be reconciled. A man may have a large portion in things of this life, and yet be kept in the love of God; but he who sets his heart upon the world, who will conform to it rather than lose its friendship, is an enemy to God. So that any one who resolves at all events to be upon friendly terms with the world, must be the enemy of God. Did then the Jews, or the loose professors of Christianity, think the Scripture spake in vain against this worldly-mindedness? or does the Holy Spirit who dwells in all Christians, or the new nature which he creates, produce such fruit? Natural corruption shows itself by envying. The spirit of the world teaches us to lay up, or lay out for ourselves, according to our own fancies; God the Holy Spirit teaches us to be willing to do good to all about us, as we are able. The grace of God will correct and cure the spirit by nature in us; and where he gives grace, he gives another spirit than that of the world. The proud resist God: in their understanding they resist the truths of God; in their will they resist the laws of God; in their passions they resist the providence of God; therefore, no wonder that God resists the proud. How wretched the state of those who make God their enemy! God will give more grace to the humble, because they see their need of it, pray for it are thankful for it, and such shall have it. Submit to God, James 4:7. Submit your understanding to the truth of God; submit your wills to the will of his precept, the will of his providence. Submit yourselves to God, for he is ready to do you good. If we yield to temptations, the devil will continually follow us; but if we put on the whole armour of God, and stand out against him, he will leave us. Let sinners then submit to God, and seek his grace and favour; resisting the devil. All sin must be wept over; here, in godly sorrow, or, hereafter, in eternal misery. And the Lord will not refuse to comfort one who really mourns for sin, or to exalt one who humbles himself before him.

• When we speak against a fellow believer, what attitude are we having toward God and His law? (4:11-12)

• What do most people think God wants from them?
• How has your belief about what God wants from you changed over the years?
• How does pride show up in our work? home? church? community?
• Why does God oppose people who are proud?
• What is the difference between pride and a sense of accomplishment?
• How can a person tell when he or she has become proud?
• How can we reduce or remove the pride from our lives?
• What do we want from God most of the time?
• Why do we hesitate to give our lives to God?

• What sins of action and attitude do you need to confess to God today?
• What can you do this week to draw near to God?
• In what situations do you need to resist the devil this week?
• What can you do this week to help you bring more humility into your life?

Boasting About Tomorrow - James 4:13-17

 Open It

• To where in the world would you like to travel?
• If you could start your own business, what would it be?
• If you knew you had just three months to live, what are some things you would want to do?

James 4:11-17 (Exhortations to undertake no affairs of life, without constant regard to the will and providence of God)

Our lips must be governed by the law of kindness, as well as truth and justice. Christians are brethren. And to break God’s commands, is to speak evil of them, and to judge them, as if they laid too great a restraint upon us. We have the law of God, which is a rule to all; let us not presume to set up our own notions and opinions as a rule to those about us, and let us be careful that we be not condemned of the Lord. "Go to now," is a call to any one to consider his conduct as being wrong. How apt worldly and contriving men are to leave God out of their plans! How vain it is to look for any thing good without God’s blessing and guidance! The frailty, shortness, and uncertainty of life, ought to check the vanity and presumptuous confidence of all projects for futurity. We can fix the hour and minute of the sun’s rising and setting to-morrow, but we cannot fix the certain time of a vapour being scattered. So short, unreal, and fading is human life, and all the prosperity or enjoyment that attends it; though bliss or woe for ever must be according to our conduct during this fleeting moment. We are always to depend on the will of God. Our times are not in our own hands, but at the disposal of God. Our heads may be filled with cares and contrivances for ourselves, or our families, or our friends; but Providence often throws our plans into confusion. All we design, and all we do, should be with submissive dependence on God. It is foolish, and it is hurtful, to boast of worldly things and aspiring projects; it will bring great disappointment, and will prove destruction in the end. Omissions are sins which will be brought into judgment, as well as commissions. He that does not the good he knows should be done, as well as he who does the evil he knows should not be done, will be condemned. Oh that we were as careful not to omit prayer, and not to neglect to meditate and examine our consciences, as we are not to commit gross outward vices against light!

• How did James define sin? (4:17)
• How do we sin? (4:17)

• What’s wrong with planning out our lives?
• What responsibility does God want us to take in planning our lives?
• What is the best use we can make of our lives?
• How can we make plans for business or living which are pleasing to God?
• Given how long you think you could live, how can you plan for the future with humility and faith?
• What would you like to accomplish before you die?
• What accomplishment from your life do you want to present to God?
• How can you determine in your daily life what is sinful and what is pleasing to God?

• What aspects of your life plans do you need to present to God in prayer this week?
• What can you do this week to place your plans for the future in God’s hands?
• In what part of your job or occupation do you need to do the good you know you ought to do this week?

Warning to Rich Oppressors - James 5:1-6

 Open It

• How much does it take to be considered rich in your community?
• If you won $1 million, what would you do with it?
• How does money change people?

James 5:1-6 (The judgments of God denounced against rich unbelievers)

Public troubles are most grievous to those who live in pleasure, and are secure and sensual, though all ranks suffer deeply at such times. All idolized treasures will soon perish, except as they will rise up in judgment against their possessors. Take heed of defrauding and oppressing; and avoid the very appearance of it. God does not forbid us to use lawful pleasures; but to live in pleasure, especially sinful pleasure, is a provoking sin. Is it no harm for people to unfit themselves for minding the concerns of their souls, by indulging bodily appetites? The just may be condemned and killed; but when such suffer by oppressors, this is marked by God. Above all their other crimes, the Jews had condemned and crucified that Just One who had come among them, even Jesus Christ the righteous.

 Get It

• How do money and riches affect our relationship with God?
• What does God think about people who are rich?
• What problems are solved by being rich?
• What problems are not solved by being rich?
• How does God want us to handle money?
• What does it mean to live in "luxury and indulgence"?
• What common business and financial practices are different from God’s standards?
• How should a Christian business owner or employer be different from others who do not follow Christ?
• How does a person’s use of money reflect what is important to him or her?
• How can we use money to reflect what is important to God?
• What material possessions would you find it difficult to give up to help someone else?
• What do you possess that money cannot buy?

• What can you do with your money this week to demonstrate your love for God?
• What changes can you make in your habitual use of money to please God?
• What plans for the future can you make to reflect God’s concern for the poor?

Patience in Suffering - James 5:7-12

 Open It

• What kinds of experiences try your patience?
• What good things in life are worth waiting for?
• How can you tell if a person is telling the truth or making a promise that he she will keep?

James 5:7-11 (Exhortation to patience and meekness under tribulations)

Consider him that waits for a crop of corn; and will not you wait for a crown of glory? If you should be called to wait longer than the husbandman, is not there something more worth waiting for? In every sense the coming of the Lord drew nigh, and all his people’s losses, hardships, and sufferings, would be repaid. Men count time long, because they measure it by thei, r own lives; but all time is as nothing to God; it is as a moment. To short-lived creatures a few years seem an age; but Scripture, measuring all things by the existence of God, reckons thousands of years but so many days. God brought about things in Job’s case, so as plainly to prove that he is very pitiful and of tender mercy. This did not appear during his troubles, but was seen in the event, and believers now will find a happy end to their trials. Let us serve our God, and bear our trials, as those who believe that the end will crown all. Our eternal happiness is safe if we trust to him: all else is mere vanity, which soon will be done with for ever.

• What warning did James give concerning swearing? (5:12)
• What is the alternative to swearing? (5:12)

• How does God use others to build patience in our lives?
• What makes it hard to wait on God’s timing?
• What kind of changes does God want to make in us over an extended period of time?
• How have you suffered as a Christian?
• What blessing or reward came to you for suffering as a Christian?
• How will God reward us if we are patient?
• What does it mean to stand firm as a Christian?
• What lessons from Job’s experience can we apply to our lives?
• For what kinds of reasons do Christians judge each other?
• What causes us to grumble against each other?
• What does God think about Christians fighting among themselves?
• What can a Christian do to be trusted with his word and promises?

• With what situation or problem can you ask God for help and patience this week?
• What steps will you take this week to avoid judging others in your home? workplace? church?
• What promise do you need to keep? How? 

The Prayer of Faith - James 5:13-20

• What are some of the most memorable moments of your life?
• What are some situations in life when most people pray?

James 5:19-20 (The happiness of being the means of the conversion of a sinner)

It is no mark of a wise or holy man, to boast of being free from error, or to refuse to acknowledge an error. And there is some doctrinal mistake at the bottom of every practical mistake. There is no one habitually bad, but upon some bad principle. This is conversion; to turn a sinner from the error of his ways, not merely from one party to another, or from one notion and way of thinking to another. There is no way effectually and finally to hide sin, but forsaking it. Many sins are hindered in the party converted; many also may be so in others whom he may influence. The salvation of one soul is of infinitely greater importance than preserving the lives of multitudes, or promoting the welfare of a whole people. Let us in our several stations keep these things in mind, sparing no pains in God’s service, and the event will prove that our labour is not in vain in the Lord. For six thousand years He has been multiplying pardons, and yet his free grace is not tired nor grown weary. Certainly Divine mercy is an ocean that is ever full and ever flowing. May the Lord give us a part in this abundant mercy, through the blood of Christ, and the sanctification of the Spirit.

• What is the benefit of helping a person get back into following the truth? (5:20)

• How can we use prayer to help someone who is sick?
• When have you had the opportunity to pray specifically for someone or for a special need?
• How have you seen prayer bring changes in people or circumstances?
• What hinders Christians from praying with confidence?
• What hinders Christians from confessing sins and praying for each other?
• If we confess our sins to God, why should anyone else have to know about it?
• What circumstances beyond our control can we affect through prayer?
• What causes Christians to stumble and fall away from their faith?
• How could you help someone who has drifted away from his or her relationship with Christ?
• How have others helped you when you were drifting in your relationship with Christ?

• What situation or person will you pray for in faith this week?
• What personal needs can you ask others to pray for through the coming week? Whom will you ask?
• Whom do you know who has been drifting away from the Lord and who needs an encouraging word from you this week?